Bronchial Asthma - Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Asthma is a type of
long-term or chronic disease in the respiratory tract that is characterized by inflammation
and narrowing of the airways which causes tightness or difficulty breathing. In
addition to breathing difficulties, people with asthma can also experience
other symptoms such as chest pain, coughing, and wheezing. Asthma can be
suffered by all ages, whether young or old.
Although the exact
cause of asthma is not yet known clearly, but there are some things that often
trigger it, such as cigarette smoke, dust, animal hair, physical activity, cold
air, viral infections, or even exposure to chemicals.
For someone who has
asthma, the respiratory tract is more sensitive than other people who do not
live with this condition. When the trigger lungs are irritated above, the
muscles of the respiratory tract of asthmatics will stiffen and make the channel
narrow. In addition, there will be an increase in phlegm production which makes
breathing more difficult.
Asthma doctors
Asthma sufferers in Indonesia
The basic health
research report by the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2013 estimated the
number of asthma patients in Indonesia to reach 4.5 percent of the total
population. Central Sulawesi Province ranks as many asthma sufferers as 7.8
percent of the total population in the area.
According to data
released by WHO in May 2014, the death rate from asthma in Indonesia reached
24,773 people or around 1.77 percent of the total number of deaths of the
population. After adjusting the age of various residents, this data also puts
Indonesia at number 19 in the world regarding deaths from asthma.
Diagnosis of asthma
To find out if a
patient has asthma, the doctor needs to do a number of tests. But before the
test is done, the doctor will usually ask questions to the patient about what
symptoms are felt, the time of occurrence of these symptoms, and the medical
history of the patient and his family.
If all information
given to the patient leads to asthma, then the doctor can do a test to
strengthen the diagnosis, for example:
Spirometry
Expiration Peak Peak
Test (APE)
Bronchial Provocation
Test
Measurement of Allergy
Status
CT Scan
X-ray
If someone is diagnosed
with asthma as a child, the symptoms may disappear when he is a teenager and
reappear when he is older. But the symptoms of asthma which are classified as
medium or severe in childhood, will tend to remain there even though they can
also reappear. Even so, asthma can appear at any age and does not always start
from childhood.
Asthma treatment
There are two goals in
the treatment of asthma, which are to relieve symptoms and prevent symptoms of
relapse. To support this goal, a treatment plan from a doctor is needed that is
tailored to the patient's condition. Treatment plans include how to recognize
and deal with worsening symptoms, and what medicines should be used.
It is important for
patients to recognize things that can trigger their asthma so they can avoid
it. If asthma symptoms appear, the commonly recommended drug is a reliever
inhaler.
When an asthma attack
occurs with symptoms that continue to worsen (slowly or quickly) even though it
has been treated with an inhaler or other drugs, the patient must immediately
get treatment at the hospital. Although rare, an asthma attack can endanger
life. For people with chronic asthma, inflammation of the airways that has been
going on for a long time and can cause permanent constriction.
Asthma complications
The following are the
effects of asthma that can occur:
Psychological problems
(anxiety, stress, or depression).
Decreasing performance
at school or at work.
The body often feels
tired.
Impaired growth and
puberty in children.
Status asthmaticus
(severe asthma condition that does not respond to normal therapy).
Pneumonia.
Respiratory failure.
Damage to part or all
of the lungs.
Dead.
Control asthma
If you happen to have
asthma or live with asthma for a long time, don't worry about this condition
because asthma is a disease that can still be controlled provided you:
Recognize and avoid the triggers of asthma.
Follow a plan for
managing asthma made with a doctor.
Recognize an asthma
attack and take appropriate treatment steps.
Use asthma drugs that
are recommended by doctors regularly.
Monitor the condition
of your airway.
If the use of asthma reliever
reliever inhalers increases rapidly, immediately consult your doctor so that
your asthma treatment plan is adjusted again. In addition, it is recommended to
vaccinate influenza and pneumonia regularly to prevent the worsening of asthma
caused by the two diseases.
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